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Micro & Nanoelectronics LECC-Colmar workshop - 50 pages free full pdf
This talk addresses some fundamental questions of
miniaturization in microelectronics
Trends in microelectronics and nanoelectronics
Is there an end to CMOS miniaturization?
Impact of microelectronics on HEP electronics instrumentation
What HEP community could gain from the industrial development the
next generation of nanoscale CMOS technology
What is nanoelectronics?
Is nanoelectronics promising?
Handy Nanostructures
for Nanoelectronics
Stefan Blügel
Institute for Quantum Materials
Free full pdf download 50 pages
Quantum Mechanical Simulation with Predictive Power
o Chemically diverse, structurally complex systems
o Nonequilibrium Quantum Transport
o Excitations by External Stimuli, e.g. light
o Materials beyond the Standart-Model
Prospectus of Silicon nanoelectronics small Introduction
The Challenges and Opportunities of Nanoelectronics Full Free
Abstract
Nanoelectronics presents the opportunity of incorporating bil-
lions of devices into a single system. Its opportunityis alsoits
challenge: the economic design, verification, manufacturing,
and testing of billion componentsystems. In this presentation
I will explore how the abstractions used in computer systems
changeas we approach nano scale dimensions.
A Brief Overview of Nanoelectronic Devices Full free
ABSTRACT
This paper surveys and explains nanometer-scale,
quantum-effect alternatives to micron-scale, bulk-effect
transistors in digital circuits. The status of R&D and
recent important advances are reviewed briefly.
Nanoelectronics Small introduction pdf download
Developments in integrated circuits and storage devices used in computers have proceeded at an exponential rate: at
present it takes 2-3 years for each successive halving of the component size. Information storage has followed a similar
trend in miniaturization of the size of the bits of magnetized material used in hard disks. However, these technologies
have fundamental limits, below which the devices no longer function in a predictable manner. For instance, the oxide
layers used in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices are becoming so thin that they conduct
electricity in a quantum-mechanical manner by electron tunneling. In 1998 it was estimated that microelectronics and
magnetic storage technologies would reach their ultimate limits within 10-30 years. Projections for very large scale
integration (VLSI) predict that a single chip will accommodate 90 million transistors with a feature size of 70 nanometers
and a clock speed of 900 MHz by the year 2010. Currently, many critical dimensions in semiconductor devices are in the
100-nm range, with some insulating layers being tens of nanometers thick.
There is intensive effort to drive miniaturization even further. Miniaturization all the way down to the level of individual
atoms and molecules would enable the fabrication of highly dense, fast, and energy-efficient devices. Energy dissipation
in current devices can approach 100 W. As devices become more dense, the electronic elements must be designed to be
more efficient. Another potential advantage of using individual molecules is that electronic circuitry could be
prefabricated using chemical synthesis. This approach would permit techniques such as self-assembly to be used in
fabrication, whereby molecules diffuse and dock onto specific connections.
The term nanoelectronics refers to electronic devices in which dimensions are in the range of atoms up to 100 nm.
Nanoelectronics is regarded as the successor to microelectronics because it is capable of extending miniaturization
further toward the ultimate limit of individual atoms and molecules. The first applications will probably be in the military
sector.
The implementation schemes and device architectures for nanoelectronics may involve conceptually different approaches
to future computational devices, such as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) computing and quantum computing, where atoms
could act as quantum logic gates. Both of these concepts rely on controlling individual atoms or molecules, and may also
be regarded as being in the realm of nanoelectronics.
Currently there are no established mass-production techniques for commercial nanoelectronic devices, nor has a well-
defined fabrication strategy that can be scaled for massive integration of components been established. Whereas for
microelectronic devices the transistor forms a basic building block, it is not clear what the basic (three-terminal) element
of a nanoelectronic device will be. Likewise, a well-defined architecture, required to process data, has yet to be
established.
Influence of quantum mechanics
Nanoelectronics research is currently looking not only for the successor to CMOS processing but also for a replacement
for the transistor itself. On the scale of 10-nm dimensions, components have a wavelength comparable to that of an
electron at the Fermi energy. The confinement and coherence of the electron gives rise to gross deviations from the
classical charge transport found in conventional devices. Quantum-mechanical laws become increasingly dominant on
the nanoscale, and it is probable that nanoelectronics will operate on quantum principles.
Single-electron devices
One popular approach has been to use small conducting islands in which electrons are confined and quantized in a
definite state. These islands are typically connected to electrodes by thin tunneling barriers. Quantum dots, resonant
tunnel devices, and single-electron transistors are examples of devices that use this basic concept, albeit in different
ways. Single-electron transistors are an example of a three-terminal device in which the charge of a single electron is
sufficient to switch the source-to-drain current. The tiny energy required to drive single-electron transistor devices makes
this approach very appealing. Nevertheless, a variety of drawbacks and obstacles limit the application of such devices in
solid-state nanoelectronics, for example, their sensitivity to small fluctuations in voltage and background charges, which
tend to accumulate in semiconductors. Such problems suggest that single-electron devices may be used for storage rather
than logic functions. Currently, such devices operate at cryogenic temperatures, although there are a few examples of
room temperature operation. See also: Quantum-dot lasers
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